https://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2185
Philip Hazel <ph10@???> changed:
What |Removed |Added
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Status|NEW |RESOLVED
Resolution|--- |INVALID
--- Comment #1 from Philip Hazel <ph10@???> ---
This looks like a standard stack overflow, reported many, many times. Below is
my stock response. Note also that the latest release of PCRE2 (version 10.30)
no longer uses the stack for remembering backtracking (it uses the heap
instead). If/when everybody moves to that release, this issue can finally be
laid to rest. It's only been 19 years...
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1. Matching a regular expression is like finding your way through a
forest with many branching paths. As PCRE passes each junction, it has
to remember data so that it can backtrack to that point if necessary. By
default, it uses recursion to store this data on the process stack,
because that is fast. However, it can alternatively be compiled to use
the heap instead (run ./configure with --disable-stack-for-recursion),
but that slows performance.
2. It is very easy to write a regular expression that has a very large
number of branches (unlimited repetition of a group, for example). When
PCRE goes deep into such a tree, it may use a lot of memory.
3. Even in these days of gigabyte main memories, some operating system
environments set small default limits on the maximum size of the process
stack, for example, 8Mb. Thus, it is often the case that there is more
heap than stack available (by default). A matching operation that needs
a lot of memory may succeed if the heap is used, but run out of memory
if the stack is used.
4. Running out of stack often causes a segfault. Because of this, PCRE
contains the facility to limit the depth of recursion so as to return an
error code instead. However, the default value is large, so it does not
normally come into play unless you explicitly set a smaller value.
5. If you are running into a problem of stack overflow, you have the
following choices:
(a) Work on your regular expression pattern so that it uses less
memory. Sometimes using atomic groups can help with this.
(b) Increase the size of your process stack.
(c) Compile PCRE to use the heap instead of the stack.
(d) Set PCRE's recursion limit small enough so that it gives an error
before the stack overflows.
6. There is more discussion of some of these ideas in the pcrestack.3
man page.
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